A Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), also known as a wastewater treatment plant, is a facility designed to remove contaminants from wastewater collected from households, businesses, and industries. This treated wastewater, also known as effluent, is then discharged to a receiving body of water (like a river or ocean) or reused for irrigation or other purposes.
Primary Treatment: Sewage enters a settling tank or clarifier, where gravity is used to separate suspended solids from the water. The solids settle to the bottom of the tank as sludge, while the clarified water moves on to the next stage.
Secondary Treatment: Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended organic matter from the wastewater. This is often done through biological processes, where microorganisms break down organic pollutants into simpler, less harmful substances. Common secondary treatment methods include activated sludge processes, trickling filters, and oxidation ponds.
